Analysis of trends in pedagogy and psychology: implementation of globalization solutions

: The modern development of psychology and pedagogy, which are considered as closely interconnected sciences, is characterized by the trends affected by intensive globalization processes. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to analyze these trends in order to find the applicable solutions in the field and to implement them as appropriate mechanisms for improvement of scientific and educational activities. To analyze modern pedagogy and psychology and their trends, to study the practices of implementation of global solutions we used qualitative (review of scientific and methodical literature, scientific description, interviewing, holistic analysis, description, synthesis of research results and deduction) and quantitative approaches to research (analysis of statistical data and structural analysis). The research revealed that a great number of articles concern the problems of impact of globalization phenomenon upon the educational process and social sciences paying attention towards challenges in modern pedagogy and psychology. The current literature review is based upon the analysis of 38 recent works published between 2018-2023 in internationally indexed journals. The empirical research was conducted among 36 scientific and educational professionals in Ukrainian educational institutions in the first semester of 2022-2023 academic year. The findings showed that the trends in modern pedagogy and psychology exist in general and specific pattens where general trends are typical for both fields and influence upon their transformations equally but specific trends include pattens that characterize one of these sciences and consequently create peculiar approaches. On the basis of the results of the survey, there are specific groups of solutions that can be implemented in three levels: management, organizational, and individual. The analysis of respondents’ answers and the quantitative data proved that implementation of solutions may lead to the enhancement of psychological and pedagogical science and improve the efficiency of educational process within the Ukrainian institutions.


Introduction
Globalization is one of the main tendencies of the world development since it causes a number of significant economic, political and cultural changes.At the same time, globalization directly influences upon the countries that get globally interconnected and, therefore, the world becomes more integrated via policies and structural programmes (Atta Quainoo et al., 2022).
It extends cultural and information contacts across nations, affects management, industries, trade, labour market, political formations, and other social institutions (Gu, 2021).Under a strong impact of globalization, the studies of social issues advance towards the new level that suggests reinforced integration and internationalization of national systems, development of new knowledge pattens.Weiland et al. (2021) emphasize that today there is a need for positive improvements within education including social and human sciences and the 2030 Agenda (United Nations, 2018) acknowledges education among one of transformative changes through Sustainable Developemnt Goals.In this context globalization, as an essential process, touches upon all spheres of human life.Psychology and pedagogy are not exceptions and they are facing new stage of reformations and adaptation to modern world tendencies.They both are characterized by orientation towards harmonization of objectives, visions, content and procedural instruments according to the international standards.
The sphere that is responsible for human behaviour as psychology is the study of human behaviour and pedagogy deals with the modification of human behaviour are considered as strategic fields of social life because they cause the changes within the community and affect the improvement of human capital.Today, the range of research concerning pedagogy and psychology extends beyond the educational environment and are not limited to the problems of training, upbringing, or mental health support as it traditionally seemed.
Therefore, pedagogy and psychology are closely related and interconnected as some areas of psychological science (pedagogical and age psychology in particular) are linked to teaching methodology and didactics.At the same time, pedagogy widely used the knowledge about psychological principles of learning.Moreover, strengthening of connections between these two sciences create positive conditions for introduction of efficient pedagogical practice, invention of applicable modern teaching technologies and encourages of personality development.These fields both substantiate and forecast the character and possible interaction between generations in order to preserve further enhancement of humanity as well as its culture and, accordingly, they should be studied inseparably.
At the same time globalization and integration are necessary processes as contribute to scientific advancements and human development.Also, they have a positive effect on the system of education and training of future experts specifying modernization of social and human sciences, strengthening education system, and forming favourable conditions for implementation of innovations and further human development.

Research Problem
Atta Quainoo et al. (2022) confidently declare that interrelation between globalization and social and human sciences has become one of the most discussed issues in literature and political agendas.Both psychology and pedagogy have an important place in shaping the community or globalization and global activities have a great impact upon psychological and pedagogical concepts and forms of knowledge management worldwide.
Obviously, psychological and pedagogical sciences overcome significant changes as traditional knowledge paradigm ceases to be principal concept or thought pattern because of its inability to realize scientific tasks in the global dimension.Accordingly, there is an urgent need to analyze the current trends in psychology and pedagogy under impact of globalization in order to build efficient scientific process and to take advantages of their transformations.

Research Focus
Gradual development of human society, orientation towards personality improvement and selfactualization, enhancement of abilities among professionals to acquire new knowledge and making creative or innovative decisions within professional activities mean solution of complex problems of pedagogy and psychology.And today, the importance of their analysis is determined a number of factors related to globalization phenomena like socio-economical changes, security situation, political transformation, conditions of labour market, education reforms, implementation of innovations, organization of management systems (Zajda, 2020).Globalization process is often described as the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence between local, national, and international systems (Lee & Stensaker, 2021) and, therefore, it affects pedagogy and psychology through various channels.
The findings show that trends in modern pedagogy and psychology exist in a complex structure which comprises two groups of pattens: general and specific.General trends are typical for both fields and influence upon their transformations equally.They include: liberalization, integration, terminology unification, digitalization, implementation of applied aspects of scientific knowledge, extensive use of artificial intelligence (AI).Specific trends include pattens that characterize one of these sciences and consequently create peculiar approaches.Modern pedagogical trends include curricular content changes, implementation of cross-curricular approaches, development of new skills among students, including professional competency, harmonization and standardization, use of new teaching technologies and methods, life-long learning and informal education, situational leadership, e-learning, and popularization of global education.At the same time the development of psychology is characterized by implications for westernizing psychology, development of "global psychology", emergence of different mental states, integrative psychology.Figure 1 shows the classification of modern trends in pedagogy and psychology under influence of globalization.
To accelerate the progress in social and human sciences, to make research more efficient and more applicable, to enhance the process of future specialists and to organize the educational process more productively despite internal and external challenges, it is necessary to analyze general and specific trends in pedagogy and psychology in details.
Liberalization concerns the removal of restrictions, in economic context in particular, and forms individualized version of modern educational and social institution.Liberal institutional policy regards the right to choose teaching technologies or methods and the possibility to conduct research on any topic within the frames of ethics of academic community and international practices without outside influence (Brooks & Weber, 2022).Internationalization deals with international cooperation and collaboration to facilitate the new conditions and their consequences considering the individual situation of any given university (Ge, 2022).
In the context of education, the introduction of the Bologna Process of standardization and the development of the European Higher Education Area is the example of internationalization (Tight, 2022).Internationalization concerns internationalization concerns recognizing the variations research approaches, norms, conceptual structures and interaction models.Besides, the role of American Psychological Association (APA), implementation of its research standards and style facilitates internationalization within psychology (Clinton, 2018).Source: author's own development on the basis of literature review Integration is a common scientific notion and regarding psychological and pedagogical knowledge it means interrelation and convergence of structural components that brings increasing their complexity, generalization and stronger ties (Atta Quainoo et al., 2022, Feng, 2022).We found that integration exists in three tiers (Chesley et al., 2018, Saurykova et al., 2018).The first one represents interdisciplinary integration within the educational process when disciplines related to pedagogy and psychology are taught on the basis of a holistic approach.The second tier means the synthesis of psychology and pedagogy into one science like "Psychological pedagogy", "Organizational psychology", "Basics of psychology and pedagogy", or "Educational psychology".And the third tier refers to relevance of integration and provides the fundamentals of comprehensive psychological and pedagogical knowledge.
Terminology unification is closely related to internationalization and integration trends.It relates to harmonization of national and international terminological systems resulting in creation of common  (Shah & Campus, 2021, Torres Ricaurte et al., 2018).At the same time, the process of interlanguage unification facilities multilateral research and international cooperation.
The next trend in modern pedagogy and psychology refers to digitalization that profoundly altered the objectives of professional training and the instruments of their achievement.Digitalization leads to complete transformations of educational process and knowledge acquisition (Douse & Uys, 2018).Digitalization provides an access to information and suggests using information and communication technologies (ICTs) more extensively (Røe et al., 2022).Further it leads to enhancement of efficiency of educational process and orientation towards students' needs (García-Gutiérrez et al., 2021).Digitalization also changes conventional teaching methods and forms into innovative one that require ICTs and modernization of interaction methods with the use of a number digital tools (Pettersson, 2021, Sart et al., 2022).On the one hand, digital transformation simplify the educational process and advance it but on the other hand, it embraces new challenges for psychological and pedagogical science like building new competencies, development of relevant methodical materials and implementation of digital courses.
Under the impact of globalization processes all the sciences require adoption of applied aspects to find solutions to actual problems like development of professional competency and integrative readiness of future specialists (Predyk et al., 2020).Applied character of psychological and pedagogical knowledge is characterized by a combination of interrelated and interdependent components: conceptual, content, technological, and diagnostical (Segarra & Tillery, 2018) that allow select appropriate approaches, models, and methods of scientific, educational, and production activities.Some recent findings (Ouyang & Jiao, 2021) show that the use of AI has become a popular trend in psychology and pedagogy.AI, being a set of instruments to collect and adapt data and further generate new solutions or conclusions (Vázquez-Cano, 2021), opens new opportunities, potentials as well as new practices and techniques (Kasepalu et al., 2022).Moreover, AI platforms help develop the algorithms for modeling human activities and solving complicated tasks.Table 1 shows the analysis of specific trends in modern pedagogy and psychology under impact of globalization on the basis of literature review.

Integrative psychology
Combination of different theoretical approaches to psychological studies such as quantitative and qualitative research methodology, multitheoretical and mixed-methods approach Grimalda et al. ( 2018) Krishnan (2022) Source: author's own development on the basis of literature review The comprehensive verification of trends in pedagogy and psychology is essential for implementation of global solutions and enhance the efficiency of professional training of future specialists, improve the quality of research related to psychological and pedagogical sciences, and positively impact upon human community development under new conditions of globalization processes.

Research Aim and Research Questions
The purpose of the article is to analyze trends in modern pedagogy and psychology to find the applicable solutions and to implement them as appropriate mechanisms and methods for improvement of scientific and educational activities.

General Background
To analyze the trends of modern pedagogy and psychology and to study the practices of implementation of global solutions we used qualitative and quantitative approaches to research.Qualitative methodology include: review of scientific and methodical literature, scientific description, interviewing, holistic analysis, description, synthesis of research results and deduction.Quantitative methods are used to process data collected during the close-open survey and refer to the following: analysis of statistical data and structural analysis.

Sample / Participants / Group
The survey was conducted among 36 scientific and educational professionals in Ukrainian educational institutions teaching the disciplines related to psychological and pedagogical sciences or are involved in research in this field.We organized the questionnaire of scientific and educational professionals online through Google forms.Also, we carried out the face-to-face interviews with some individuals to obtain more accurate data on the problem.The respondents were informed about the survey and agreed to participate voluntarily.Appendix A shows the survey respondents' profiles including field of their professional interest, experience, education, students' level they teach, and type of responsibilities they are involved in the workplace the most (conducting or supervision research, development of documents, lecturing, or practical training).

Instrument and Procedures
The survey was carried out in the first semester of 2022-2023 academic.The scientific and educational professionals were interviewed online in two stages to obtain the data on the problem.The first stage suggests filling in the form that contained closed questions that referred to the spread of trends in modern pedagogy and psychology.The choice of trends was based on the literature review Appendix B shows the form with closed questions used during the survey.The second stage referred to open questionnaire when the scientific and educational professionals had to describe positive and negative features caused by the trends studied.Appendix C shows the form for open survey.

Data Analysis
To analyze the trends in modern pedagogy and psychology as well their positive or negative features we studied the data obtained very carefully.The answers of the respondents were shown in the diagrams of the following sections.Also, they became the basis for the development of recommendations for implementation of actual solutions in the educational process.

Research Results
The findings showed that the scientific and educational professionals experience many of the trends within the educational activities.Figure 2 demonstrates the results of the closed questionnaire on general trends.It proves that the most common general trends in modern pedagogy and psychology are the following: digitalization and use of ICTs (28,4 % of teaching professionals consider them an obligatory feature of the education process), terminology unification (19,3 %), internationalization (17,3 %), and integration (15,8 %).At the same time, pedagogues and psychologists admit that liberalization, implementation of applied aspects of sciences, and use of AI are less common for the Ukrainian educational institutions.The results show that 12,4 % of scientific and educational professional consider liberalization an obligatory feature of changes within pedagogy and psychology, implementation of applied aspects of sciences -3,9 % and use of AI -only 0,3%

Figure 2
The analysis of general trends in modern pedagogy and psychology (based on the closed questionnaire) Source: author's own development based on the survey results

Figure 3
The analysis of specific trends in modern pedagogy and psychology (based on the closed questionnaire) Source: author's own development based on the survey results Figure 3 shows the findings concerning specific trends in modern pedagogy or psychology.We see that implementation of new teaching methods means obligatory trend for 55,7 % of scientific and educational professionals, development of new skills for successful educational activities -50,5 %, elearning -49,4 %, development of new competencies among teachers -43,4 %, introduction of curricular changes -32,5 %, westernization of psychological concepts and research results-21,5 %, use of life-long learning and information education -21,7 %, emergence of new mental states caused by changes in community development 19,7 %.Only 12,6 %, consider change of identity research the less common trends, 9,6 % -the spread of global psychology, 11,2 % -application of concepts of integrative psychology within the educational process and scientific investigations, and only 1,6 % of pedagogues and psychologists are sure that formation of situational leadership skills among future learners is an important trend.
At the same time while analyzing the trends in pedagogy and psychology in details and we found that they bring more advantages than disadvantages according to the scientific and educational professionals.The advantages are related to improvement of educational process, enhancement of participation in international research projects, implementation of unified concepts and terminology that simplifies the studies.Also, advantages concern formation of professional competence or professional expertise among teachers due to spread of innovative technologies and methods.Disadvantages are comparatively rare and they deal with implementation of requirements to acquire new competencies, undergo advanced training, or updating administrative documents and methodical materials.Besides, some trends, like the use of AI, may bring to violations of academic virtues and refusal from written tasks in future.Table 2 shows the analysis of positive and negative features of common trends in pedagogy and psychology.

Discussion
The profound literature review and the findings of close-open survey show that modern pedagogy and psychology face a number of trends appeared under the impact of globalization.Mostly, these trends bring improvements within the education system, process of future specialists' training, and in models of conducting psychological or pedagogical research due to its harmonization, internationalization, terminology unification, or digitalization.But also, new patterns cause a number of difficulties for scientific and educational professionals related to the requirements to acquire new competencies, to introduce life-long education, to update methodical materials.To avoid the difficulties detected we consider the task to outline the most applicable solutions within the frames of development of psychological and pedagogical sciences very urgent.The global sustainable development is oriented towards creation of comprehensive, inclusive, and quality education with life-long learning opportunities (Xiang & Yan, 2020).This type of education concerns the all-round development of personality, cultivation of learners' talents, formation their readiness to dynamic professional environment and application of practical innovations (Xiang & Yan, 2020, Akbar et al., 2019).As a result, new trends change pedagogy and psychology influencing their content, approaches, methods, concepts, interaction models, instruments and algorithms of organization of regular activities.According to Zajda (2020), Dichek et al. (2021), andPaudel (2022) the solutions are implemented in three levels: management, organizational, and individual.
Management level refers to changes within the organization of efficient activities of educational institution (Gu, 2021, Zajda, 2020, Lee & Stensaker, 2021, Garg, 2022, Tight, 2022, Ge, 2022, Khan & Afaqi, 2019) and it includes: Provision of quality training of future specialists according to labour market requirements; Development of normative base in accordance with national legislation and international standards; Implementation of State standards of higher education and development of updated educational programmes; Harmonization of the curricular content with requirements of future professional activity and technological development of community; Organization of quality research activities and encourage implementation of scientific results within the educational process; Liberalization of pedagogical and research activities of scientific and educational professionals; Organization of adequate assessment of learning outcomes on the basis of internationally accepted models and test systems; Extension of international links and initiating of multilateral scientific or scientific and educational projects.
Organizational level deals with improvement of educational process within the institution and implementation of innovative technologies or methods (Feng, 2022, Chesley et al., 2018, Douse & Uys, 2018, Røe et al., 2022, Canli & Demirtaş, 2018, Vera & Zapata-Jaramillo, 2022, Paudel, 2022).The level suggests implementation of the following solutions: Implementation of interactive models of teaching and collaboration methods; Extensive use of gamification and game-based approach; Application of ICTs for new material presentation, practical training, and assessment of learning outcomes; relevant use of e-learning and introduction of flipped classroom technology or blended learning within the educational process; implementation of universal terminology in the classroom; development of skills for independent learning and encouragement to use project-based learning, peer learning, cascade learning; focus on applied aspects of sciences and introduction of practice in curricular; vary teaching technologies and methods in the classroom; search for appropriate research topics to solve the problems of psychological and pedagogical science; understanding of principles of global psychology and global education; improvement of methodical materials on regular basis according to the requirements of labour or technological advances.
Individual level concerns the personality development of scientific and educational professionals as well as students (Auziņa, 2018, Canli & Demirtaş, 2018, Khera, 2022, Dichek et al., 2021, Grimalda et al., 2018, Akbar et al., 2019).The trends in pedagogy and psychology demand the building of new competencies and skills to be able to work in innovative environment.These qualities are the following: productivity, continuous development of universal qualifications, objectivity, collaboration skills, communication skills, foreign language knowledge, ability to participate actively within the educational process, readiness to independent research work, adoption of cross-cultural values, openness to innovations, ICT competence, digital literacy, information competency, critical thinking, readiness to use universal scientific concepts and interaction models, unified terminology, focus on applied aspects of sciences, implementation of student-centered education, extensive use the possibilities of life-long education and informal education in particular, advanced training on a continuous basis and improvement of teacher qualification, readiness to work in heterogenous teams, ability to develop the adequate knowledge and share them, orientation towards the result, relevant use of technological advances including AI.
Therefore, modern pedagogy and psychology face a number of trends under the impact of globalization processes.The trends are characterized by both positive and negative features.The solutions were outlined to enhance the development of psychological and pedagogical sciences and to increase the efficiency of educational process within the educational process.These solutions must be implemented by the institutions to organize their daily activities more effectively; by scientific and educational professional to plan teaching or research work, to develop methodological materials; or to reach objective findings while researching actual pedagogical or psychological problems.

Conclusions and Implications
The research proves that globalization is one of the main tendencies of the social community development and it causes a number transformations within psychological and pedagogical sciences.The findings show that pedagogy and psychology overcome significant changes as traditional knowledge paradigm ceases to be principal concept.It occurs mostly to the extension of globalization processes being described as the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence between system components.The study reveals that globalization is affects pedagogy and psychology through various channels.
We found that trends in modern pedagogy and psychology exist in a complex structure which comprises two groups of pattens: general and specific.General trends are typical for both fields and influence upon their transformations equally.They include: liberalization, integration, terminology unification, digitalization, implementation of applied aspects of scientific knowledge, extensive use of AI. Specific trends include pattens that characterize one of these sciences and consequently create peculiar approaches.Modern pedagogical trends include curricular content changes, implementation of cross-curricular approaches, development of new skills among students, including professional competency, harmonization and standardization, use of new teaching technologies and methods, lifelong learning and informal education, situational leadership, e-learning, and popularization of global education.The development of psychology is characterized by implications for westernizing psychology, development of "global psychology", emergence of different mental states, integrative psychology.
To analyze the trends of modern pedagogy and psychology and to study the practices of implementation of global solutions we conducted the close-open survey among 36 scientific and educational professionals in Ukrainian educational institutions who teach the disciplines related to psychological and pedagogical sciences or are also involved in research in this field.
The findings showed that most common general trends in modern pedagogy and psychology are the following: digitalization and use of ICTs, terminology unification, internationalization, and integration.At the same time, pedagogues and psychologists admit that liberalization, implementation of applied aspects of sciences, and use of AI are less common for the Ukrainian educational institutions.In the context of specific trends extension in modern pedagogy or psychology, they include: implementation of new teaching methods, development of new skills for successful educational activities, e-learning, development of new competencies among teachers, introduction of curricular changes, westernization of psychological concepts and research results, use of life-long learning and information education, emergence of new mental states caused by changes in community development.At the same the less common specific trends concern: change of identity research the less common trends, spread of global psychology, application of concepts of integrative psychology within the educational process and scientific investigations, and formation of situational leadership skills among future learners.
To respond to new challenges effectively, we outlined three groups of solutions that can be implemented in three levels: management, organizational, and individual.Management level refers to changes within the organization of efficient activities of educational institution.Organizational level deals with improvement of educational process within the institution and implementation of innovative technologies or methods.And individual level concerns the personality development of scientific and educational professionals as well as students.The findings show that implementation of solutions may lead to the enhancement of psychological and pedagogical science and improve the efficiency of educational process within the Ukrainian institutions involved in training of future pedagogues and psychologists.

Suggestions for Future Research
The future research will be focused on the detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific trends in innovating pedagogy and psychology implications as well as on the in-depth understanding of their impact upon pedagogical or psychological education, formation of professional readiness among future professionals in order to act in a digital and globalized environment.Also, it is important highlighting the changes within the content of pedagogical or psychological courses in different institutions of higher education based on the necessity to create an actual courseware.In addition, the study on the effect of these modifications upon the current state of formation of integrated professional competency of future experts in the fields is advisable.Considering the fact that the process of efficient training of future pedagogues and psychologists organization require a thorough comparison of past and present educational or methodical materials, the main attention will be drown towards the investigation of educational components of syllabi of professional courses, the explanation of manifestation of trends in modern pedagogy and psychology, and the presentation of changes in indices of professional competency among future pedagogues and psychologists who undergo their professional training using new syllabi.It is expected to conduct an open survey among undergraduate students of pedagogical and psychological faculties in order to emphasize the improvements in the system of their professional training and to underline the gaps that may bring adverse effect in future.It is necessary to mention that the study may contain some limitation due to data collection in different institutions of higher education.

Figure 1
Figure 1Classification of modern trends in pedagogy and psychology under influence of globalization Implementation of ideas of global dimension like globalization, national and cross-cultural identity, democracy, human rights, equality, inclusion, peace, security, and sustainability development Dichek et al. (2021) Development of new skills among students, including Development of professional competency and additional skills like native and foreign language competency, communication and teamwork skills, creativity, critical thinking skills, digital literacy, Auziņa (2018) Canli and Demirtaş (2018) ©Copyright 2023 by the author(s) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
the process related to globalization like migration, urbanization, or industrializationGrimalda et al. (2018) The article objectives concern the following: ©Copyright 2023 by the author(s) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. to conduct a close-open survey among scientific and educational professionals in Ukrainian educational institutions to analyze the most common trends in modern pedagogy and psychology;  to classify trends in modern pedagogy and psychology under the influence of globalization phenomena;  to outline the most applicable solutions within the frames of development of psychological and pedagogical sciences affected by globalization processes.
the author(s) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
the author(s) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Development of professional competence among students; Application of research results into practice of educational process Requires carrying our time-consuming research; Involvement of many respondents for surveys and necessity to process big volumes of data; Requirement to conduct researches in different educational institutions simultaneously to obtain objective results 7) Introduction of artificial intelligence Possibility to collect data rapidly; Coping with difficult tasks related to text generation or modeling of human activities Violation of academic virtue; Excessive use while performing individual projects; Necessity to change individual activities and exclude most of written tasks Specific trends Typical for pedagogy 8) Demand for new teachers' competencies Formation of teachers' readiness to new conditions of educational environment; Making educational process smore efficient Necessity to undergo regular advanced training 9) Curricular content changes Integration of educational programmes with students' needs and labour market requirements; Updating curriculum with internal and external factors of community development and technological advances Requires work of big groups of professionals to update educational programmes and content for teaching disciplines 10) Implementation of cross-curricular approaches Makes international cooperation more effective; Involves participants from other nations to the research projects; Participation in international professional organizations Requires understanding of foreign legal base; Demands knowledge of foreign language 11) Development of new skills among students, including professional competency Adaptation of educational process to students' needs and their future professional activities; Training future professionals to cope with challenges of dynamic community Requirement to improve educational programmes on regular basis; Necessity to use additional equipment in the educational process, for engineering specialties in particular 12) Harmonization and standardization Implementation of universal educational standards Exclusion of national specification in the educational process 13) Implementation of new teaching methods Implementation of innovative teaching methods; Formation of integrated professional competency and soft skills among students Requires readiness of students to work in innovative manner; Necessity to improve the courseware on a continuing basis 14) Development of life-long learning and informal education Formation of professional competency among students; Preparation of learners to act in changing professional environment; Building expertise to use innovative equipment, methods, interaction models, communication strategies Necessity to renew skills permanently; Formation of readiness to continuous learning among students 15) Introduction of situational leadership Formation of ability for innovative thinking and creative decision making Requires introduction of new topics within the curriculum 16) Use of e-learning Creation of open education system; Formation of comfortable educational environment; Simplification of educational process Inability to enhance communication and interaction skills among students; Demands extra time for development courseware; Requires digital competency among the participants of educational process 17) Development of global education Training students to work internationally Removal of national specification from curriculum Specific trends Typical for psychology 18) Change in identity research Formation of international or global identity that can function under new conditions An identity is studies only from one perspective 18) Implications for westernizing psychology Development of universal approaches in psychological of different mental states Improvement of studies; Development of new ideas and concepts New mental states are caused by globalization processes 21) Introduction of integrative psychology Combination of different approaches and models of research Research become more complicated and demand extra time for finalization Source: author's own development based on the survey results ©Copyright 2023 by the author(s) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
of cross-curricular approaches a) positive features b) negative features 11) Development of new skills among students, including professional competency a) positive features b) negative features 12) Harmonization and standardization a) positive features b) negative features 13) Implementation of new teaching methods a) positive features b) negative features 14) Development of life-long learning and informal education athe author(s) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Table 2
The analysis of features of common trends in pedagogy and psychology (based on the open questionnaire)

Positive features according to scientific and educational professionals Negative features according to scientific and educational professionals General trends
©Copyright 2023 by the author(s) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.