Effectiveness of Project-Based Flipped Learning Model in Improving Early Childhood Cognitive Development

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.57125/FED.2024.12.25.14

Keywords:

Project Based Flipped Learning, Early Childhood, Cognitive Development

Abstract

This research has not been widely implemented at the early childhood education level because early childhood education often applies a game-oriented learning model. On the other hand, the level of understanding, comprehension, focus and interest in early childhood is also different from the level of education of children above if a project-based flipped learning model is applied. The advantage of applying this learning model is that it integrates information and communication technology with project-based learning, which is very much in line with the direction of the Merdeka Curriculum. This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of the project-based flipped learning model on early childhood cognitive development. Methods: This study uses quantitative research methods with experimental research types. The research subjects were 30 children in the experimental class and 20 children in the control class. The experimental class carried out learning activities using a project-based flipped learning model, and the control class carried out learning as usual—test data analysis techniques to measure children's cognitive development. Data analysis used a homogeneity test with the Levene Statistic test, a normality test with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and a hypothesis test using an Independent Sample T Test Results: Based on the results of the study, the research data is homogeneous and statistically normally distributed. The results of hypothesis testing show that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. The conclusion is that the project-based flipped learning model is effective in early childhood cognitive development. It is also expected that further research can examine more deeply the application of project-based flipped learning models in various subjects and in analysing or improving the abilities or skills of students at other levels of education; the main thing is to improve the quality of education. It can also be a combination of different learning models that can be applied to provide innovative learning models that are useful in supporting the teaching and learning process in the classroom.

References

’Azah, N., & Abror, S. (2023). Pengaruh Model Blended Learning Tipe Flipped Classroom Terhadap Kemandirian Belajar Mahasiswa [The Effect of Flipped Classroom Blended Learning Model on Student Learning Independence]. Cetta: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(1), 171–179. https://doi.org/10.37329/cetta.v6i1.2187

Akbar, R., Siroj, R. A., Win Afgani, M., & Weriana. (2023). Experimental Research Dalam Metodologi Pendidikan [Experimental Research in Educational Methodology]. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 9(2), 465–474. https://jurnal.peneliti.net/index.php/JIWP/article/view/3165

Almulla, M. A. (2020). The effectiveness of the Project-Based Learning (PBL) approach as a way to engage students in learning. SAGE Open, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020938702

Apriany, W. A., Winarni, E. W., & Muktadir, A. M. (2020). Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PJBL) terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran IPA di Kelas V SD Negeri 5 Kota Bengkulu [The Effect of Project Based Learning Model (PJBL) on Students' Cognitive Learning Outcomes in Science Subjects in Class V SD Negeri 5 Bengkulu City]. Jurnal Pembelajaran Dan Pengajaran Pendidikan Dasar, 3(2), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.33369/dikdas.v3i2.12308

Arib, M. F., Rahayu, M. S., Sidorj, R. A., & Afgani, M. W. (2024). Experimental Research Dalam Penelitian Pendidikan [Experimental Research in Educational Research]. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(1), 5497–5511. https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/view/8468

Ashfarina, I. N., Soedjarwo, S., & Wijayati W, D. T. (2023). Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar di Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) [Implementation of Merdeka Belajar Curriculum in Early Childhood Education (PAUD)]. EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 4(2), 1355–1364. https://doi.org/10.62775/edukasia.v4i2.442

Asriningsih, K. K. A., Supardi, K. I., & Wardani, S. (2015). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing Berbasis Lingkungan Terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Dan Karakter Pada Siswa Kelas V SD [The Effect of Environment-Based Guided Inquiry Learning Model on Concept Understanding Ability and Character in Grade V Elementary Students]. Journal of Primary Education, 4(2), 132–138. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpe.v4i2.10973

Berhitu, M., Rehena, J. F., & Tuaputty, H. (2020). The effect of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) models on improving students’ understanding of concepts, retention, and social attitudes. Formatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan MIPA, 10(2), 143–152. https://doi.org/10.30998/formatif.v10i2.5947

Campillo-Ferrer, J. M., & Miralles-Martínez, P. (2021). Effectiveness of the flipped classroom model on students’ self-reported motivation and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00860-4

Cecep, Waskita, D. T., & Sabilah, N. (2022). Upaya Meningkatkan Konsentrasi Belajar Anak Usia Dini Melalui Metode Demonstrasi [Efforts to Improve Early Childhood Learning Concentration Through Demonstration Method]. Jurnal Tahsinia, 3(1), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.57171/jt.v3i1.313

Cheng, L., Ritzhaupt, A. D., & Antonenko, P. (2019). Effects of the flipped classroom instructional strategy on students’ learning outcomes: A meta-analysis. Educational Technology Research and Development, 67(4), 793–824. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-018-9633-7

Chu, S. K. W., Zhang, Y., Chen, K., Chan, C. K., Lee, C. W. Y., Zou, E., & Lau, W. (2017). The effectiveness of wikis for project-based learning in different disciplines in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education, 33, 49–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2017.01.005

Coyne, J., Hollas, T., & Potter, J. P. (2016). Jumping in: Redefining teaching and learning in physical education through project-based learning: Column editor: Anthony Parish. Strategies, 29(1), 43–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/08924562.2016.1113910

Ekayana, A. A. G. (2022). Flipped Learning Berbasis Project Terhadap Berpikir Kreatif Dan Prestasi Belajar Di Pendidikan Tinggi [Project-based flipped learning on creative thinking and learning achievement in higher education]. Kwangsan: Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 10(2), 164–182. https://doi.org/10.31800/jtp.kw.v10n2.p164--182

Fauzan, M., Haryadi, H., & Haryati, N. (2021). Penerapan Elaborasi Model Flipped Classroom dan Media Google classroom Sebagai Solusi Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Abad 21 [Application of Flipped Classroom Model Elaboration and Google classroom Media as a 21st Century Indonesian Language Learning Solution]. DWIJA CENDEKIA: Jurnal Riset Pedagogik, 5(2), 361–371. https://doi.org/10.20961/jdc.v5i2.55779

Fikriyah, A. T., & Sari, B. M. (2024). Pengaruh Pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) berbasis STEAM terhadap Kemampuan Kognitif Anak [The Effect of STEAM-based Project Based Learning (PjBL) on Children's Cognitive Skills]. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 10(1), 1–9. https://jurnal.fkip.unila.ac.id/index.php/PAUD/article/view/29217

Guo, P., Saab, N., Post, L. S., & Admiraal, W. (2020). A review of project-based learning in higher education: Student outcomes and measures. International Journal of Educational Research, 102, Article 101586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101586

Haatainen, O., & Aksela, M. (2021). Project-based learning in integrated science education: Active teachers’ perceptions and practices. Lumat, 9(1), 149–173. https://doi.org/10.31129/LUMAT.9.1.1392

Halili, S. H., & Razak, R. A. (2018). Flipped classroom approach for preschool students in learning english language. International Journal of Learning Technology, 13(3), 203–219. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLT.2018.095962

Hamid, A., & Hadi, M. S. (2020). Desain Pembelajaran Flipped Learning PAI Sebagai Solusi Model Pembelajaran Abad 21 [Flipped Learning Design for Islamic Education as a 21st Century Learning Model Solution]. Quality, 8, 149–164. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/quality.v8i1.7503

Illahi, P. C., Fitri, R., & Arsih, F. (2022). The effect of project based learning model on creative thinking ability in biology learning. Journal of Digital Learning and Education, 2(3), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.52562/jdle.v2i3.441

Issa, H. B., & Khataibeh, A. (2021). The effect of using project based learning on improving the critical thinking among upper basic students from teachers’ perspectives. Pegem Egitim ve Ogretim Dergisi, 11(2), 52–57. https://doi.org/10.14527/pegegog.2021.00

Jacques, L. A. (2017). What does Project-based Learning (PBL) look like in the mathematics classroom? American Journal of Educational Research, 5(4), 428–433. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-5-4-11

Jdaitawi, M. (2019). The effect of flipped classroom strategy on students learning outcomes. International Journal of Instruction, 12(3), 665–680. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12340a

Kamaruddin, I., Darmawati, L. E. S., Sudirman, & Handayani, E. S. (2022). Pengaruh Project Based Learning (Pjbl) Dengan Strategi Flipped Classroom Terhadap Pemahaman Dan Berpikir Kritis Siswa [The Effect of Project Based Learning (Pjbl) with Flipped Classroom Strategy on Students' Understanding and Critical Thinking]. Al-Mada: Jurnal Agama Sosisal Dan Budaya, 5(3), 265–276. https://eprints.unm.ac.id/31315/

Khoirotunnisa, A. U., & Irhadtanto, B. (2020). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom Tipe Traditional Flipped Berbantuan Video Terhadap Kemampuan Berfikir Kreatif Siswa Pada Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar [The Effect of Traditional Flipped Classroom Learning Model with Video Assistance on Students' Creative Thinking Ability on the Material of Flat-Sided Spatial Buildings]. Jurnal Pendidikan Edutama, 7(2), 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30734/jpe.v7i2.768

Khumairah, R., Sundaryono, A., & Handayani, D. (2020). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kimia Siswa Pada Materi Larutan Penyangga Di Sman 5 Kota Bengkulu [The Influence of the Flipped Classroom Learning Model on Students' Chemistry Learning Outcomes on Buffer Solution Material at Sman 5 Bengkulu City]. Alotrop, 4(2), 92–97. https://doi.org/10.33369/atp.v4i2.13832

Kızkapan, O., & Bektaş, O. (2017). The effect of project based learning on seventh grade students’ academic achievement. International Journal of Instruction, 10(1), 37–54. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2017.1013a

Kocour, N. (2019). How blended learning impacts student engagement in an early childhood classroom [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Northwestern College. https://nwcommons.nwciowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1137&context=education_masters

Mirlanda, E. P., Nindiasari, H., & Syamsuri, S. (2019). Pengaruh Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom Terhadap Kemandirian Belajar Siswa Ditinjau Dari Gaya Kognitif Siswa [The Effect of Flipped Classroom Learning on Student Learning Independence in View of Student Cognitive Style]. Symmetry: Pasundan Journal of Research in Mathematics Learning and Education, 4, 38–49. https://doi.org/10.23969/symmetry.v4i1.1638

Musyadad, V. F., Supriatna, A., & Aprilia, D. (2021). Media Gambar Seri Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menulis Karangan Narasi Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Serial [Image Media to Improve Narrative Writing Ability in Indonesian Language Learning]. Jurnal Tahsinia, 2(1), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.57171/jt.v2i1.287

Mutoharoh, S. K. L., Hasanah, H., & Pertiwi, E. P. (2023). Pengaruh Metode Project Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Kognitif Anak Usia Dini di Kelompok B TK Dewi Fatimah 52 Jombang Jember (The Effect of Project Based Learning Method on Early Childhood Cognitive Skills in Group B Dewi Fatimah Kindergarten 52 Jombang Jember). JECIE – Journal of Early Childhood and Inclusive Education, 7(1), 236–242. https://doi.org/10.31537/jecie.v7i1.1441

Nawangsari, N. S., Pujiastuti, P., & Gularso, D. (2022). The effect of project-based learning model on PGSD students’ critical. Jurnal Prima Edukasia, 10(03), 19–27. https://doi.org/10.24036/eksakta/vol23-iss03/321

Nurkamelia. (2019). Perkembangan Fisik Motorik Anak Usia Dini (Standar Tingkat Pencapaian Perkembangan Anak) STPPA Tercapai di RA Harapan Bangsa Maguwoharjo Condong Catur Yogyakarta (Early Childhood Physical Motor Development [Standard Level of Achievement of Child Development) STPPA Achieved at RA Harapan Bangsa Maguwoharjo Condong Catur Yogyakarta]. KINDERGARTEN: Journal of Islamic Early Childhood Education, 2(2), 112–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/kjiece.v2i2.9064

Prasetyo, A. R. (2020). Early childhood physical, cognitive, socio-emotional development. Golden Age: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.29313/ga:jpaud.v4i2.6049

Rapi, N. K., Suastra, I. W., Widiarini, P., & Widiana, I. W. (2022). The influence of flipped classroom-based project assessment on concept understanding and critical thinking skills in physics learning. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 11(3), 351–362. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v11i3.38275

Rasyid, M. A., & Khoirunnisa, F. (2021). The effect of project-based learning on collaboration skills of high school students. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains (JPS), 9(1), 113–119. https://doi.org/10.26714/jps.9.1.2021.113-119

Retnaningsih, L. E., & Khairiyah, U. (2024). Pengaruh Game Edukasi Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Mengaji di TPQ Khoiru Ummah Mataram [The Effect of Educational Games to Increase Koranic Motivation at TPQ Khoiru Ummah Mataram]. SELING: Jurnal Program Studi PGRA, 4(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.69503/ijert.v4i1.579

Riyanti, L. D., Malawi, I., & Samsiyah, N. (2024). Efektivitas Project Based Flipped Classroom (PjBFC) dengan Media Flipbook terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritiss Siswa SDN Sukorejo 01 [Effectiveness of Project Based Flipped Classroom (PjBFC) with Flipbook Media on Critical Thinking Skills of Sukorejo 01 Elementary School Students]. In Prosiding Konferensi Ilmiah Dasar (Vol. 5, pp. 494–501). Universitas PGRI Madiun. https://prosiding.unipma.ac.id/index.php/KID/article/view/5511

Safaruddin, Ibrahim, N., Juhaeni, J., Harmilawati, H., & Qadrianti, L. (2020). The effect of project-based learning assisted by electronic media on learning motivation and science process skills. Journal of Innovation in Educational and Cultural Research, 1(1), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.46843/jiecr.v1i1.5

Sari, M., Anggoro, B. S., & Sugiharta, I. (2020). Analisis Peningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Dan Kemandirian Belajar Dampak Flipped Classroom Berbantuan Video Pembelajaran [Analysis of the Improvement of Problem Solving Ability and Learning Independence of Flipped Classroom Impact Assisted Learning Video]. Nabla Dewantara, 5(2), 94–106. https://doi.org/10.51517/nd.v5i2.228

Savitri, O., & Meilana, S. F. (2022). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom terhadap Pemahaman Konsep IPA Siswa Sekolah Dasar [The Effect of Flipped Classroom Learning Model on Elementary School Students' Science Concept Understanding]. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(4), 7242–7249. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i4.3457

Shalehah, N. A. (2023). Studi Literatur: Konsep Kurikulum Merdeka pada Satuan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini [Literature Study: The Concept of Merdeka Curriculum in Early Childhood Education Units]. Jurnal Ilmiah Cahaya Paud, 5(1), 70–81. https://doi.org/10.33387/cahayapd.v5i1.6043

Shamad, A., & Wekke, I. S. (2019). Lecturers’ participation in applying blended learning in Islamic higher education in Indonesia. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 7(12), 2604–2608. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2019.071207

Sudrajat, Rahman, A., Anshory, M. I., Ma’sum, H., Aisyah, S., & Santosa, T. A. (2023). The effect project based learning model based e-learning on students’ critical thinking skills: A meta-analysis. Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan, 7(2), 2433–2443. https://doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v7i2.7542

Sugandi, D., Syach, A., & Nur Fadilah, I. (2021). Model Pembelajaran Children’S Learning in Science (Clis) Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Ipa [Children's Learning in Science (Clis) Learning Model on Students' Creative Thinking Ability in Science Subjects]. Jurnal Tahsinia, 2(2), 107–113. https://doi.org/10.57171/jt.v2i2.297

Suryana, E., Hamdani, M. I., Bonita, E., & Harto, K. (2022). The Golden Age : Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pendidikan Islam [The Golden Age: Early Childhood Development and its Implications for Islamic Education]. Tarbawiyah: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 6(2), 218–228. https://doi.org/10.32332/tarbawiyah.v6i2.5537

Trenggonowati, D. L., & Kulsum. (2018). Analisis Faktor Optimalisasi Golden Age Anak Usia Dini Studi Kasus Di Kota Cilegon [Factor Analysis of Optimizing the Golden Age of Early Childhood Case Study in Cilegon City]. Journal Industrial Servicess, 4(1), 48–56. https://jurnal.untirta.ac.id/index.php/jiss/article/view/4088

Ummah, S. K., Inam, A., & Azmi, R. D. (2019). Creating manipulatives: Improving students’ creativity through project-based learning. Journal on Mathematics Education, 10(1), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.10.1.5093.93-102

Wardah, I., Septaria, K., Mahbubah, K., & Mubarok, H. (2022). The effect of Project Based Learning (PjBL) model on students’ science literacy in social studies subjects. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengkajian Ilmu Pendidikan: E-Saintika, 6(2), 108–119. https://doi.org/10.36312/esaintika.v6i2.738

Wei, X., Cheng, I. L., Chen, N. S., Yang, X., Liu, Y., Dong, Y., Zhai, X., & Kinshuk. (2020). Effect of the flipped classroom on the mathematics performance of middle school students. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(3), 1461–1484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09752-x

Wigati, I., Pratiwi, R. Y., & Dewita, P. S. (2023). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa SMKN 1 Merapi Timur [The Effect of Flipped Classroom Learning Model on Cognitive Learning Outcomes of Students of SMKN 1 East Merapi]. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Kimia, 2(1), 66–75. https://proceedings.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/snpk/article/view/1080

Wulansari, N. T., & Sutrisna, I. P. G. (2018). Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif Mahasiswa Keperawatan Dalam Materi Ajar Mikrobiologi [Effect of Flipped Classroom Learning Model on Nursing Students' Cognitive Learning Outcomes in Microbiology Teaching Materials]. Jurnal Bioeducation, 5(2), 48–52. https://doi.org/10.29406/bio.v5i2.1034

Xu, Z., & Shi, Y. (2018). Application of constructivist theory in flipped classroom take college English teaching as a case study. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 8(7), 880–887. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0807.21

Yusuf, R. N., Al Khoeri, N. S. T. A., Herdiyanti, G. S., & Nuraeni, E. D. (2023). Urgensi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Bagi Tumbuh Kembang Anak [The Urgency of Early Childhood Education for Child Development]. Jurnal Plamboyan Edu (JPE), 1(1), 37–44. https://jurnal.rakeyansantang.ac.id/index.php/plamboyan/article/view/320

Zhang, Q., Cheung, E. S. T., & Cheung, C. S. T. (2021). The impact of flipped classroom on college students’ academic performance: A meta-analysis based on 20 experimental studies. Science Insights Education Frontiers, 8(2), 1059–1080. https://doi.org/10.15354/sief.21.re019

Zheng, L., Bhagat, K. K., Zhen, Y., & Zhang, X. (2020). The effectiveness of the flipped classroom on students’ learning achievement and learning motivation: A meta-analysis. Educational Technology and Society, 23(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.30191/ETS.202001_23(1).0001

Downloads

Published

2024-11-27

How to Cite

Novfitri, K., Mustaji, Bachtiar, B. S., & Fajar, A. (2024). Effectiveness of Project-Based Flipped Learning Model in Improving Early Childhood Cognitive Development. Futurity Education, 4(4), 212–226. https://doi.org/10.57125/FED.2024.12.25.14