The Pedagogical Content Knowledge Model on Teacher Evaluation and Quality Education in Kenya: A Literature Review Analysis

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.57125/FED.2025.03.25.12

Keywords:

Desktop research,, Educational Frameworks,, Quality Education,, Teacher Performance Appraisal,, Training Program, Pedagogical training

Abstract

This study examined the Pedagogical Content Knowledge Model used in Kenya's Teacher Evaluation and Quality Education. The researcher adopted a desktop research design called secondary data to collect data from existing resources, including libraries, reports and published studies. The design was cost-effective compared to field research, as data could be obtained through reading online libraries and journals. Although enhanced teacher assessment programs are known to produce better educational results in various subject areas in Kenya, disparities in training quality across rural and urban regions of the country impact the programs’ effectiveness. In the long run, this makes the standardisation of high-quality training essential in boosting education standards countrywide. Pedagogical Content Knowledge Model, Marzano Focused Teacher Evaluation Model, Trans-formative and Social Constructivism Models may be used by education officials to develop teacher training programs that can successfully develop teacher training programs that will enhance quality education in the country. The study facilitates the development of teaching resources, which will mainly focus on realities on the ground and which can enable learners to comprehend and retain content taught by instructors in their classes. Besides, the study’s results promote policies that require the inclusion of a significant component of local content in teacher training programs, thus ensuring the contextual relevance of education.

References

Abacioglu, C. S., Epskamp, S., Fischer, A. H., & Volman, M. (2023). Effects of multicultural education on student engagement in low- and high-concentration classrooms: The mediating role of student relationships. Learning Environments Research, 26(3), 951–975. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-023-09462-0

Al-Hameed, K. A. A. (2022). Spearman’s correlation coefficient is used in statistical analysis. International Journal of Nonlinear Analysis Application, 13(1), 3249–3255. https://ijnaa.semnan.ac.ir/article_6079_b33de0a741ab703e8afa7a63fc2ebfb4.pdf

Ali, S., & Shafeeq, N. Y. (2021). Professional development of teachers at higher education level - issues and challenges. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, 10(7), 67–72. http://s3-ap-southeast1.amazonaws.com/ijmer/pdf/volume10/volume10-issue7(9)/12.pdf

Baricaua Gutierez, S. (2016). Building a classroom-based professional learning community through lesson study: Insights from elementary school science teachers. Professional Development in Education, 42(5), 801–817. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2015.1119709

Basnal, G. (2022). Assessment of 21st century skills: Use creative story writing to assess graphs. In S. Chakravarti & B. Boukareva (Eds.), Advances in educational marketing, administration, and leadership (pp. 202–221). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8310-4.ch010

Dawadi, S., Shrestha, S., & Giri, R. A. (2021). Mixed-methods research: A discussion on its types, challenges, and criticisms. Journal of Practical Studies in Education, 2(2), 25–36. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED611786.pdf

Daza, V., Gudmundsdottir, G. B., & Lund, A. (2021). Partnerships as third spaces for professional practice in initial teacher education: A scoping review. Teaching and Teacher Education, 102, Article 103338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103338

Department of Education. (2021). Addressing educational disparities in the United States. https://www.ed.gov/disparities

Department of Education, Skills and Employment. (2022). Next steps: Report of the quality initial teacher education review. https://www.education.gov.au/quality-initial-teacher-education-review/resources/next-steps-report-quality-initial-teacher-education-review

Dinu, C. C., & Chian, M. M. (2023). Uncovering principles for curriculum adaptation: A practitioner and researcher (co)reflexive analysis. Journal of Ethnographic & Qualitative Research, 17(1), 16–38. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1386862

Doe, A. (2021a). Differentiated instruction strategies for teacher training programs. Educational Psychology Review, 33(4), 521–537. https://doi.org/10.47604/ajep.2524

Doe, J. (2021b). Impact of differentiated instruction on student learning. Journal of Modern Education, 13(2), 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).40

Dönmez, A. S., & Ahmet, S. (2022). Peer-coaching based professional development: A sample of a school of foreign languages. Georgia Educational Researcher, 19(1), 22–46. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1332366.pdf

Eden, N. C. A., Chisom, N. O. N., & Adeniyi, N. I. S. (2024). Cultural competence in education: Strategies for fostering inclusivity and diversity awareness. International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences, 6(3), 383–392. https://doi.org/10.51594/ijarss.v6i3.895

Farrell, T. S., & Ives, J. (2015). Exploring teacher beliefs and classroom practices through reflective practice: A case study. Language teaching research, 19(5), 594–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168814541722

Forsman, L. (2024). Co-teaching literacy strategies for the inclusion of second-language learners: Possibilities for professional development. Language and Education, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2024.2348596

Gast, I., Neelen, M., Delnoij, L., Menten, M., Mihai, A., & Grohnert, T. (2022). Supporting the well-being of new university teachers through teacher professional development. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 866000. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.866000

Gheyssens, E., Coubergs, C., Griful-Freixenet, J., Engels, N., & Struyven, K. (2022). Differentiated instruction: The diversity of teachers’ philosophy and praxis to adapt teaching to students’ interests, readiness and learning profiles. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 26(14), 1383–1400. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2020.1812739

Gudeta, D. (2022). Professional development through reflective practice: The case of Addis Ababa secondary school EFL in-service teachers. Cogent Education, 9(1), Article 2030076. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2030076

Hakro, A. N., & Mathew, P. (2020). Coaching and mentoring in higher education institutions: A case study in Oman. International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education, 9(3), 307–322. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMCE-05-2019-0060

Hinojosa, D. M. (2022). Practice what you teach: Onsite coaching and dialogic feedback to promote the appropriation of instructional strategies. Teaching and Teacher Education, 111, Article 103582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103582

Howell, R. A. (2021). Engaging students in education for sustainable development: The benefits of active learning, reflective practices and flipped classroom pedagogies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 325, Article 129318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129318

Hunter, W. C., Jasper, A. D., Barnes, K., Davis, L. L., Davis, K., Singleton, J., Barton-Arwood, S., & Scott, T. (2023). Promoting positive teacher-student relationships through creating a plan for Classroom Management On-boarding. Multicultural Learning and Teaching, 18(1), 79–97. https://doi.org/10.1515/mlt-2020-0012

Hurskaya, V., Mykhaylenko, S., Kartashova, Z., Kushevska, N., & Zaverukha, Y. (2024). Assessment and Evaluation Methods for 21st Century Education: Measuring What Matters. Futurity Education, 4(4), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.57125/FED.2024.12.25.01

Ishii, Y., & Ogawa, K. (2024). An analysis of school-based management on learning achievement in Senegal primary education. Educational Process International Journal, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2024.132.5

Ivenicki, A. (2021). Digital lifelong learning and higher education: Multicultural strengths and challenges in pandemic times. Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas Em Educação, 29(111), 360–377. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-403620210002903043

Karacsony, P., Pásztóová, V., Vinichenko, M., & Huszka, P. (2022). The impact of the multicultural education on students’ attitudes in business higher education institutions. Education Sciences, 12(3), Article 173. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12030173

Katsantonis, I., & McLellan, R. (2023). Students’ voices: A qualitative study on contextual, motivational, and self-regulatory factors underpinning language achievement. Education Sciences, 13(8), Article 804. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13080804

Kelly, M. L., Yeigh, T., Hudson, S., Willis, R., & Lee, M. (2023). Secondary teachers’ perceptions of the importance of pedagogical approaches to support students’ behavioural, emotional and cognitive engagement. The Australian Educational Researcher, 50(4), 1025–1047. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-022-00540-5

Kim, D. S., Kim, W. J., Kim, J. S., Oh, P. S., Kwon, N., & Choi, S. Y. (2024). Exploring of elementary teachers' learning of responsive teaching. Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education, 43(2), 233–251. https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO202414372017440.page

Kumari, S. (2023, April 10). Exploring the theoretical foundations of culturally responsive teaching in a globalized world. Vidhyayana – An International Multidisciplinary Peer-Reviewed E-Journal, 8(5). http://www.vidhyayanaejournal.org/journal/article/view/1408

Landsman, J., & Lewis, C. W. (2023). White teachers/diverse classrooms: Creating inclusive schools, building on students’ diversity, and providing true educational equity (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003448709

Li, Q., Li, Z., & Han, J. (2021). A hybrid learning pedagogy for surmounting the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic in the performing arts education. Education and Information Technologies, 26(6), 7635–7655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10612-1

Madigan, D. J., & Kim, L. E. (2021). Towards an understanding of teacher attrition: A meta-analysis of burnout, job satisfaction, and teachers’ intentions to quit. Teaching and Teacher Education, 105, Article 103425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103425

Mallillin, L. L. D. (2022). Teaching and learning intervention in the educational setting: Adapting the teacher theory model. International Journal of Educational Innovation and Research, 1(2), 99–121. https://doi.org/10.31949/ijeir.v1i2.2493

Matterson, J. A. (2022). International teachers’ perceptions of mandated curriculum and instructional practices [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Walden University. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/12771

Muammar, O. M., & Alkathiri, M. S. (2022). What really matters to faculty members attending professional development programs in higher education. International Journal for Academic Development, 27(3), 221–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360144X.2021.1897987

Mve, J. P. (2021). Revisiting the meaning and causes of higher education massification in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Cameroon. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 9(4), 188–211. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2021.94015

Ngubane, T. (2024). Influence of teacher training programs on quality of education in South Africa. African Journal of Education and Practice, 9(2), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.47604/ajep.2524

Ofsted. (2021, May 19). Teaching teachers during COVID-19. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/teaching-teachers-during-covid-19/teaching-teachers-during-covid-19

Radovan, M., & Radovan, D. M. (2024). Harmonizing pedagogy and technology: Insights into teaching approaches that foster sustainable motivation and efficiency in blended learning. Sustainability, 16(7), Article 2704. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072704

Rahmawati, Y. (2023). Assessing cross-cultural understanding and intercultural communication skills in EFL classrooms: Challenges, best practices, and perceptions. Nextgen Education Review Journal, 1(2), 22–32. https://doi.org/10.58660/nextgen.v1i2.37

Sanfo, J.-B. M. B., & Ogawa, K. (2021). Explaining the rural-urban learning achievements gap in Ethiopian primary education: A re-centered influence function decomposition using Young Lives data. Education Economics, 29(3), 269–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/09645292.2021.1872504

Sánchez-Tarazaga, L., Ruiz-Bernardo, P., Viñoles Cosentino, V., & Esteve-Mon, F. M. (2024). University teaching induction programmes. A systematic literature review. Professional Development in Education, 50(2), 279–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2022.2147577

Sinem, A. D., & Ahmet, S. (2022). Peer-coaching based professional development: A sample of a school of foreign languages. Georgia Educational Researcher, 19(1), 22–46. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1332366.pdf

So, W. W. M., He, Q., Cheng, I. N. Y., Lee, T. T. H., & Li, W. C. (2021). Teachers’ professional development with peer coaching to support students with intellectual disabilities in STEM learning. Educational Technology & Society, 24(4), 86–98. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/48629247

Sorkos, G., & Hajisoteriou, C. (2021). Sustainable intercultural and inclusive education: Teachers’ efforts on promoting a combining paradigm. Pedagogy, Culture & Society, 29(4), 517–536. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2020.1765193

Strat, T. T. S., Henriksen, E. K., & Jegstad, K. M. (2024). Inquiry-based science education in science teacher education: A systematic review. Studies in Science Education, 60(2), 191–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057267.2023.2207148

Tatham-Fashanu, C. (2023). A third space pedagogy: Embracing complexity in a super-diverse, early childhood education setting. Pedagogy, Culture & Society, 31(4), 863–881. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2021.1952295

Taylor, L. A., Oostdam, R., & Fukkink, R. G. (2022). Standardising coaching of preservice teachers in the classroom: Development and trial of the synchronous online feedback tool (SOFT). Teaching and Teacher Education, 117, Article 103780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103780

Utami, P. P., & Vioreza, N. (2021). Teacher work productivity in senior high school. International Journal of Instruction, 14(1), 599–614. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1282134.pdf

Vaughn, M., Parsons, S. A., & Gallagher, M. A. (2021). Challenging scripted curricula with adaptive teaching. Educational Researcher, 51(3), 186–196. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x211065752

Westwood, P. (2018). Inclusive and adaptive teaching: Meeting the challenge of diversity in the classroom (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351061261

Wimberly, R. (2023). The influence of group dynamics on teacher work engagement [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. St. Thomas University, Miami Gardens, Florida. https://www.proquest.com/openview/4428e6052e3b07876a6631fc2732d527/1?pqorigsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y

Worline, M. C., & Dutton, J. E. (2021). The courage to teach with compassion: Enriching classroom designs and practices to foster responsiveness to suffering. Management Learning, 53(1), 33–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/13505076211044611

Yeh, E., Sharma, R., Jaiswal-Oliver, M., & Wan, G. (2022). Culturally responsive social emotional learning for international students: Professional development for higher education. Journal of International Students, 12(1), 19–41. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1342906

Downloads

Published

2025-03-14

How to Cite

John Nyaegah, O. (2025). The Pedagogical Content Knowledge Model on Teacher Evaluation and Quality Education in Kenya: A Literature Review Analysis. Futurity Education, 5(1), 205–222. https://doi.org/10.57125/FED.2025.03.25.12